🏢 NBFCs, MFIs & Lending Platforms

Fraud Detection Built for India's NBFC Ecosystem

From advance fee fraud at disbursal to gold LTV breaches and JLG device sharing — vcurd covers the fraud signals that are unique to NBFC and microfinance lending in India.

Request Demo RBI Compliance →
75%
RBI gold loan LTV threshold — auto breach alerts
72h
Bureau velocity window — inquiries before disbursal
JLG
Joint Liability Group device sharing detection
AA
Account Aggregator consent anomaly monitoring

Fraud signals unique to NBFCs and MFIs

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Advance Fee Fraud at Disbursal

One of the most common NBFC fraud patterns: a UPI transaction made immediately after loan disbursal — the borrower pays a "processing fee" to a fraudster's VPA before receiving their loan. vcurd tracks seconds-since-disbursal as a transaction feature, flagging transactions that occur within minutes of a disbursal event as high-risk advance fee signals.

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Gold Loan LTV Monitoring

RBI mandates a maximum 75% LTV ratio for gold loans. vcurd monitors gold loan LTV in real time, triggers automatic alerts when LTV is approached or exceeded, maintains a full breach history for regulatory review, and supports recalculation with current gold market prices. One-click export for RBI examination.

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JLG Device Sharing Detection

In Joint Liability Group microfinance, multiple group members sharing the same device for UPI transactions is a strong indicator of organised fraud — one person controlling multiple loan accounts. vcurd flags JLG device sharing as a fraud signal in the mule scorer, with the JLG group ID as transaction context.

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Bureau Velocity at Loan Application

A high number of credit bureau inquiries in the 72 hours before a loan application is a well-established fraud indicator — the applicant is shopping for as many loans as possible before any lender can see the others. vcurd integrates bureau velocity as a scoring signal, with configurable thresholds and NBFC-specific calibration.

vcurd's NBFC-specific scoring signals

These signals are unique to the NBFC and microfinance context — not present in generic fraud platforms.

Signal 1
seconds_since_disbursal
Time between loan disbursal and the transaction. Transactions within 0–300 seconds of disbursal are flagged as potential advance fee fraud.
Signal 2
bureau_velocity_72h
Number of credit bureau inquiries in 72 hours before application. Configurable threshold — typically flagged above 3 inquiries.
Signal 3
jlg_device_shared
Boolean flag set when a device_id is associated with 2+ JLG group members. Strongly indicative of one person controlling multiple loan accounts.
Signal 4
gold_ltv_breach
Real-time LTV ratio against the RBI 75% threshold. Breach events generate automatic alerts and are logged with current gold price for audit trail.
Signal 5
consent_anomaly
Account Aggregator consent events that deviate from expected patterns — unusually broad consent scope, consent given under apparent duress, or consent revocation patterns.
Signal 6
upi_fanout_15m
Number of unique receivers from a single sender VPA in a 15-minute window post-disbursal. High fan-out after disbursal is a mule distribution pattern.

Modules most used by NBFCs

💰Disbursal Monitoring
🥇Gold Loan LTV
👥JLG Risk Scoring
🧾Bureau Velocity
📊Loan App Risk API
🔏AA Consent Anomaly
Real-Time ML Scoring
📋RBI Compliance Reports
🕸️Mule Detection

Built for the way NBFCs actually lend

Talk to us about deploying vcurd's NBFC-specific fraud signals for your lending operations.